Akira's Tech Notes

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ネイティブでない日本語で思い付くことや気になることをダラダラ書く、体裁とかは気にしない。読みづらいと感じた時に随時更新する。

[メモ]自宅サーバディスク増設記録

半年前、約1年ちょっと使った WD Blue(WD10EZEX) ディスクが壊れた (I/Oスピードが激遅い現 象が起きた)ため、RMA保証手続きで交換しました。交換で約1ヶ月かかる、かつサーバがRAID0構 成のため、代用品を購入し、復旧を実施した。RAM交換で届いたディスクがずっと置いたまま、 今日もう一台のNASサーバに増設を実施します。

1 環境

OS CentOS Linux release 7.0.1406 (Core)
/dev/sda Crucial MX100 2.5インチ内蔵型SSD 256GB SATAIII
/dev/sdb 増設HDD: WD10EZEX [1TB SATA600 7200]

2 ツールの整備

hdparm は HDD (SATA/IDE)デバイスのパフォーマンスとベンチマークのツールです｡ 

$ sudo yum install hdparm

sdparm SCSIデバイスのパフォーマンスとベンチマークのツールです｡ 

$ sudo yum install sdparm

GPTをサポートするパーティションリングツール 

$ sudo yum install gdisk

3 ディスク情報確認

/dev/sda SSDのハード情報を確認する。 

$ sudo hdparm -I /dev/sda

/dev/sda:

ATA device, with non-removable media
	Model Number:       Crucial_CT256MX100SSD1
	Serial Number:      ************
	Firmware Revision:  *****
	Transport:          Serial, ATA8-AST, SATA 1.0a, SATA II Extensions, SATA Rev 2.5, SATA Rev 2.6, SATA Rev 3.0
Standards:
	Used: unknown (minor revision code 0x0028)
	Supported: 9 8 7 6 5 
	Likely used: 9
Configuration:
	Logical		max	current
	cylinders	16383	16383
	heads		16	16
	sectors/track	63	63
	--
	CHS current addressable sectors:   16514064
	LBA    user addressable sectors:  268435455
	LBA48  user addressable sectors:  500118192
	Logical  Sector size:                   512 bytes
	Physical Sector size:                  4096 bytes
	Logical Sector-0 offset:                  0 bytes
	device size with M = 1024*1024:      244198 MBytes
	device size with M = 1000*1000:      256060 MBytes (256 GB)
	cache/buffer size  = unknown
	Form Factor: 2.5 inch
	Nominal Media Rotation Rate: Solid State Device
Capabilities:
	LBA, IORDY(can be disabled)
	Queue depth: 32
	Standby timer values: spec'd by Standard, with device specific minimum
	R/W multiple sector transfer: Max = 16	Current = 16
	Advanced power management level: 254
	DMA: mdma0 mdma1 mdma2 udma0 udma1 udma2 udma3 udma4 udma5 *udma6 
	     Cycle time: min=120ns recommended=120ns
	PIO: pio0 pio1 pio2 pio3 pio4 
	     Cycle time: no flow control=120ns  IORDY flow control=120ns
Commands/features:
	Enabled	Supported:
	   *	SMART feature set
	    	Security Mode feature set
	   *	Power Management feature set
	   *	Write cache
	   *	Look-ahead
	   *	Host Protected Area feature set
	   *	WRITE_BUFFER command
	   *	READ_BUFFER command
	   *	NOP cmd
	   *	DOWNLOAD_MICROCODE
	   *	Advanced Power Management feature set
	    	SET_MAX security extension
	   *	48-bit Address feature set
	   *	Device Configuration Overlay feature set
	   *	Mandatory FLUSH_CACHE
	   *	FLUSH_CACHE_EXT
	   *	SMART error logging
	   *	SMART self-test
	   *	General Purpose Logging feature set
	   *	WRITE_{DMA|MULTIPLE}_FUA_EXT
	   *	64-bit World wide name
	   *	IDLE_IMMEDIATE with UNLOAD
	    	Write-Read-Verify feature set
	   *	WRITE_UNCORRECTABLE_EXT command
	   *	{READ,WRITE}_DMA_EXT_GPL commands
	   *	Segmented DOWNLOAD_MICROCODE
	   *	Gen1 signaling speed (1.5Gb/s)
	   *	Gen2 signaling speed (3.0Gb/s)
	   *	Gen3 signaling speed (6.0Gb/s)
	   *	Native Command Queueing (NCQ)
	   *	Phy event counters
	   *	NCQ priority information
	   *	unknown 76[15]
	   *	DMA Setup Auto-Activate optimization
	    	Device-initiated interface power management
	    	Asynchronous notification (eg. media change)
	   *	Software settings preservation
	    	unknown 78[8]
	   *	SMART Command Transport (SCT) feature set
	   *	SCT Write Same (AC2)
	   *	SCT Features Control (AC4)
	   *	SCT Data Tables (AC5)
	   *	reserved 69[4]
	   *	reserved 69[7]
	   *	Data Set Management TRIM supported (limit 8 blocks)
	   *	Deterministic read ZEROs after TRIM
Security: 
	Master password revision code = 65534
		supported
	not	enabled
	not	locked
		frozen
	not	expired: security count
		supported: enhanced erase
	2min for SECURITY ERASE UNIT. 2min for ENHANCED SECURITY ERASE UNIT.
Logical Unit WWN Device Identifier: ***************
	NAA		: 5
	IEEE OUI	: 00a075
	Unique ID	: ********
Checksum: correct

/dev/sdb HDDのハード情報を確認する。 

$ sudo hdparm -I /dev/sdb

/dev/sdb:

ATA device, with non-removable media
	Model Number:       WDC WD10EZEX-00RKKA0
	Serial Number:      WD-WMC**********
	Firmware Revision:  80.00A80
	Transport:          Serial, SATA 1.0a, SATA II Extensions, SATA Rev 2.5, SATA Rev 2.6, SATA Rev 3.0
Standards:
	Supported: 8 7 6 5 
	Likely used: 8
Configuration:
	Logical		max	current
	cylinders	16383	16383
	heads		16	16
	sectors/track	63	63
	--
	CHS current addressable sectors:   16514064
	LBA    user addressable sectors:  268435455
	LBA48  user addressable sectors: 1953525168
	Logical  Sector size:                   512 bytes
	Physical Sector size:                  4096 bytes
	device size with M = 1024*1024:      953869 MBytes
	device size with M = 1000*1000:     1000204 MBytes (1000 GB)
	cache/buffer size  = unknown
Capabilities:
	LBA, IORDY(can be disabled)
	Queue depth: 32
	Standby timer values: spec'd by Standard, with device specific minimum
	R/W multiple sector transfer: Max = 16	Current = 16
	DMA: mdma0 mdma1 mdma2 udma0 udma1 udma2 udma3 udma4 udma5 *udma6 
	     Cycle time: min=120ns recommended=120ns
	PIO: pio0 pio1 pio2 pio3 pio4 
	     Cycle time: no flow control=120ns  IORDY flow control=120ns
Commands/features:
	Enabled	Supported:
	   *	SMART feature set
	    	Security Mode feature set
	   *	Power Management feature set
	   *	Write cache
	   *	Look-ahead
	   *	Host Protected Area feature set
	   *	WRITE_BUFFER command
	   *	READ_BUFFER command
	   *	NOP cmd
	   *	DOWNLOAD_MICROCODE
	    	Power-Up In Standby feature set
	   *	SET_FEATURES required to spinup after power up
	    	SET_MAX security extension
	   *	48-bit Address feature set
	   *	Device Configuration Overlay feature set
	   *	Mandatory FLUSH_CACHE
	   *	FLUSH_CACHE_EXT
	   *	SMART error logging
	   *	SMART self-test
	   *	General Purpose Logging feature set
	   *	64-bit World wide name
	   *	{READ,WRITE}_DMA_EXT_GPL commands
	   *	Segmented DOWNLOAD_MICROCODE
	   *	Gen1 signaling speed (1.5Gb/s)
	   *	Gen2 signaling speed (3.0Gb/s)
	   *	Gen3 signaling speed (6.0Gb/s)
	   *	Native Command Queueing (NCQ)
	   *	Host-initiated interface power management
	   *	Phy event counters
	   *	NCQ priority information
	   *	unknown 76[15]
	   *	DMA Setup Auto-Activate optimization
	   *	Software settings preservation
	   *	SMART Command Transport (SCT) feature set
	   *	SCT Write Same (AC2)
	   *	SCT Features Control (AC4)
	   *	SCT Data Tables (AC5)
	    	unknown 206[7]
	    	unknown 206[12] (vendor specific)
	    	unknown 206[13] (vendor specific)
Security: 
	Master password revision code = 65534
		supported
	not	enabled
	not	locked
		frozen
	not	expired: security count
		supported: enhanced erase
	112min for SECURITY ERASE UNIT. 112min for ENHANCED SECURITY ERASE UNIT. 
Logical Unit WWN Device Identifier: ****************
	NAA		: 5
	IEEE OUI	: 0014ee
	Unique ID	: ******
Checksum: correct
$

4 現在のパーティション構成

/dev/sda の物理パーティション構成を確認する。 

$ sudo gdisk -l /dev/sda 
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.6

Partition table scan:
  MBR: protective
  BSD: not present
  APM: not present
  GPT: present

Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT.
Disk /dev/sda: 500118192 sectors, 238.5 GiB
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): A2BE7525-7A02-4E36-8C41-B9E4487690BD
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 500118158
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 2669 sectors (1.3 MiB)

Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size       Code  Name
   1            2048          411647   200.0 MiB   EF00  EFI System Partition
   2          411648         1435647   500.0 MiB   0700  
   3         1435648       500117503   237.8 GiB   8E00  
$

LVMの構成状況 

$ sudo lvmdiskscan
  /dev/centos/swap [       7.27 GiB] 
  /dev/sda1        [     200.00 MiB] 
  /dev/centos/root [      50.00 GiB] 
  /dev/sda2        [     500.00 MiB] 
  /dev/centos/home [     180.52 GiB] 
........

先頭の物理パーティションをブート関係用にマウントしています。

/dev/sda1 vfat /boot/efi 200MB
/dev/sda2 xfs /boot 500MB

三番目の物理パーティションをLVMで割って使っています。

PV VG LV Format Mount Point Size
/dev/sda3 centos /dev/centos/swap swap   7.27G
    /dev/centos/home xfs /home 180G
    /dev/centos/root xfs / 50G

5 増設後のパーティション構成

増設したHDDに vg01 を増やして、 /home と /var をこちら配置するようにする。

PV VG LV Format Mount Point Size
/dev/sda3 centos /dev/centos/swap swap   7.27G
    /dev/centos/root xfs / 230G
/dev/sdb1 vg01 /dev/vg01/home xfs /home 431G
    /dev/vg01/var xfs /var 500G

6 増設手順

6.1 gdiskでパーティションを初期化する

$ sudo gdisk /dev/sdb
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.6

Partition table scan:
  MBR: not present
  BSD: not present
  APM: not present
  GPT: not present

Creating new GPT entries.

Command (? for help): o        ★GPTパーティションテーブルを新規作成する
This option deletes all partitions and creates a new protective MBR.
Proceed? (Y/N): Y

Command (? for help): n        ★新規パーティションを作成する
Partition number (1-128, default 1): 
First sector (34-1953525134, default = 2048) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: 
Last sector (2048-1953525134, default = 1953525134) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: 
Current type is 'Linux filesystem'
Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): 8e00 ★パーティションタイプをLVMにする
Changed type of partition to 'Linux LVM'

Command (? for help): w

Final checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL OVERWRITE EXISTING
PARTITIONS!!

Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): Y
OK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to /dev/sdb.
The operation has completed successfully.
$

結果を確認する 

$ sudo gdisk -l /dev/sdb
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.6

Partition table scan:
  MBR: protective
  BSD: not present
  APM: not present
  GPT: present

Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT.
Disk /dev/sdb: 1953525168 sectors, 931.5 GiB
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): DE117DAF-1D96-4505-89EC-6F1E6BB08E4C
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 1953525134
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 2014 sectors (1007.0 KiB)

Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size       Code  Name
   1            2048      1953525134   931.5 GiB   8E00  Linux LVM

6.2 LVMパーティション再構成

PV /dev/sdb1 作成する 

$ sudo pvcreate /dev/sdb1
  Physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully created

VG vg01 を作成する 

$ sudo vgcreate vg01 /dev/sdb1
  Volume group "vg01" successfully created

VG centos の home 論理ボリュームを 一旦 home0 にリネームする。 

$ sudo lvrename centos home home0
  Renamed "home" to "home0" in volume group "centos"

VG vg01 上で /var 用の var 論理ボリュームを作成する。 

$ sudo lvcreate -L 500G vg01 -n var
  Logical volume "var" created

VG vg01 上残りに容量を /home 用の home 論理ボリュームを作成する。 

$ sudo lvcreate -l +100%FREE vg01 -n home
  Logical volume "home" created

var 論理ボリュームを xfs タイプファイルシステムでフォーマットする。 

$ sudo mkfs.xfs /dev/mapper/vg01-var 
meta-data=/dev/mapper/vg01-var   isize=256    agcount=4, agsize=32768000 blks
         =                       sectsz=4096  attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=131072000, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=0
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=64000, version=2
         =                       sectsz=4096  sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0

$#+end_example

=home= 論理ボリュームを =xfs= タイプファイルシステムでフォーマットする。
#+begin_example
$ sudo mkfs.xfs /dev/mapper/vg01-home 
meta-data=/dev/mapper/vg01-home  isize=256    agcount=4, agsize=28279296 blks
         =                       sectsz=4096  attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=0
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=113117184, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0 ftype=0
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=55233, version=2
         =                       sectsz=4096  sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
$

/home 領域データをコピーする。 

$ sudo mount /dev/mapper/vg01-home /mnt/
$ sudo cp --archive /home /mnt
$ ls -al /mnt/
合計 4
drwxr-xr-x   3 root root   17 11月 16 22:04 .
drwxr-xr-x. 17 root root 4096 11月 10 21:46 ..
drwxr-xr-x.  3 root root   18  9月 14 23:07 home
$ sudo mv /mnt/home/* /mnt/
$ sudo rm -rf /mnt/home/
$ sudo umount /mnt

/var 領域を使用しているサービスを止めて、データをコピーする。 

$ sudo systemctl stop xxxxx.service
$ sudo mount /dev/mapper/vg01-var /mnt/
$ sudo cp --archive /var /mnt
$ sudo mv /mnt/var/* /mnt/
$ sudo rm -rf /mnt/var/
$ sudo umount /mnt

/etc/fstab を適切に変更する。 

/dev/mapper/centos-root /                       xfs     defaults        1 1
/dev/mapper/centos-swap swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
/dev/mapper/vg01-home   /home                   xfs     defaults        1 2
/dev/mapper/vg01-var    /var                    xfs     defaults        1 2
.....

旧 /var ディレクトリ名を適当に変更し、システムを再起動する。 

$ sudo mv /var /var.0

root 論理ボリュームを拡張する 

★home0論理ボリュームの削除
$ sudo lvremove -f centos/home0
  Logical volume "home0" successfully removed

★root論理ボリュームの拡大
$ sudo lvextend -l +100%FREE centos/root
  Extending logical volume root to 230.52 GiB
  Logical volume root successfully resized

★xfsファイルシステムサイズの拡大
$ xfs_growfs /

6.3 増設結果を確認する

lvmdiskscan の表示 

$ sudo lvmdiskscan 
  /dev/centos/swap [       7.27 GiB] 
  /dev/sda1        [     200.00 MiB] 
  /dev/centos/root [     230.52 GiB] 
  /dev/sda2        [     500.00 MiB] 
  /dev/vg01/var    [     500.00 GiB] 
  /dev/sda3        [     237.79 GiB] LVM physical volume
  /dev/vg01/home   [     431.51 GiB] 
  /dev/sdb1        [     931.51 GiB] LVM physical volume
  4 disks
  2 partitions
  0 LVM physical volume whole disks
  2 LVM physical volumes

df -h の表示 

$ df -h
ファイルシス            サイズ  使用  残り 使用% マウント位置
/dev/sda1                 200M  9.6M  191M    5% /boot/efi
/dev/sda2                 494M  203M  292M   42% /boot
/dev/mapper/centos-root   231G   16G  215G    7% /
/dev/mapper/vg01-home     432G  379M  431G    1% /home
/dev/mapper/vg01-var      500G   13G  488G    3% /var
.......

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